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The history of fire cooking part I |
For thousands of years, it was the only way to cook. Many believe that
this discovery separated man from the other animals. Fire.
Estimated to have been discovered some 2 million years ago, the
discovery of fire and more importantly, the discovery of how to tame
fire, resulted in man’s brain development, value of food, changes in our
body, and social structure. It gave us survivability. It extended our
life by improving daily calories and nutritional needs by allowing us
to cook poisonous plants and meats.
So how did fire cooking get discovered? That is the million dollar question. Here are some of the hypotheses out there regarding the discovery of fire for cooking:
Nature Provides Ignition
There are some scientists who believe that fire cooking was found by
accident. A lightning strike or grass fires that sprung up due to the
excessive dry conditions exposed to the hot sun. Many don’t feel man
did anything to “discover” fire other than observe the characteristics
of fire: it produces abundant heat, light, and when it traps an animal
within its flames, it produced a more tender meat, easier to digest food
source, and more pleasing aroma to the meat.
Tool Construction
There are others who believe that early humans realized the importance
of tools. By sharpening stones to produce spears, cutting tools, etc.,
these early beings observed spark. Either through intention or perhaps
with Mother Nature’s assistance, these sparks caught twigs, brush,
fruit, and/or grains on fire. Remember, early human life did not
involve a developed brain. A discovery of fire, however, would help
advance not only our brains, but our bodies into the erect beings we are
today.
The Earliest Cave Cooking
In South Africa’s Northern Cape province, a dwelling known as Wonderwerk
Cave, contains the earliest evidence that our ancestors and apelike
ancestors were using fire. Compacted dirt showed evidence of ashes,
carbonized leaf and twig fragments, and burnt bits of animal bones.
Scientists were then able to analyze this material and determine that
the fragments were heated between 750 and 1300°F, which is the heat
level of a small fire made of twigs and grasses.
If indeed our earlier species learned to harness fire for cooking, this
would account for the advancement of our brains and our ability to
become erect beings walking on two legs. Cooking on fire allowed for
easier chewing and digestion and produced extra calories to fuel our
brains. Fire also warded off nighttime predators, allowing for sleep on
the ground or in caves rather than in the trees.
It’s All About Energy
Raw food diets have been popularized as a method of losing weight and of
being healthier. However, only a fraction of the calories in raw
starch and protein are absorbed by the body via the small intestine. As
a result, the remainder passes into the large bowel, where it is broken
down by the organ’s high population of microbes, which consume the
majority for themselves. However, cooked food is mostly digested by the
time it enters the colon. For the same amount of calories ingested, the
body gets roughly 30 percent more energy from cooked oat, wheat or
potato starch as compared to raw, and as much as 78 percent from the
protein in an egg. In experiments, animals given cooked food gain more
weight than animals fed the same amount of raw food.
Cooking breaks down collagen (connective tissue in meat) & softens
the plants’ cell walls to release their storage of starch & fat.
The calories to fuel the bigger brains of successive species of hominids
came at the expense of the energy-intensive tissue in the gut, which
was shrinking at the same time. If you look at early imagery of apes,
you’ll see how we morphed into narrow-waisted Homo sapiens.
Coming up in
The History of Fire Cooking: Part II, learn
more about why cooking foods by fire made us who we are today. In
conclusion, did we provide you with new information you didn’t know?
Additionally, leave us a comment and subscribe as we bring recipes,
tips, techniques, and the science behind the fire and smoke.